The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a June 28 landmark decision that the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act – including the provision that most Americans carry health insurance or pay a penalty – is constitutional.

The ACA, signed into law in 2010, made sweeping reforms to health-care coverage in the United States. Many provisions of the law already have taken effect. A number of other provisions are scheduled to take effect in subsequent years, including the requirement that most Americans and legal residents have qualifying health insurance (exceptions apply) or pay a penalty in the form of a tax. Here’s a summary of some of the important provisions that are already in place, and those that are on their way by 2014.

In effect now: