CHICAGO – Unemployment hurts more than your wallet – it may damage your heart. That’s according to a study linking joblessness with heart attacks in older workers.
The increased odds weren’t huge, although job losses posed as big a threat as smoking, high blood pressure and other conditions bad for the heart.
The researchers analyzed data on more than 13,000 men and women aged 51 to 75 taking part in an ongoing health and retirement survey partly sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. Since 1992, participants have been interviewed every two years about their employment and health.
The data show periods of unemployment but don’t indicate whether people were fired, laid off, out of work while switching jobs or had voluntarily left a job.
The researchers considered these situations “job losses,” but it’s likely the greatest risks for heart attacks were from being fired or laid off, said researcher Matthew Dupre.
Sarah Burgard, a University of Michigan researcher who has studied the relationship between job loss and health, called the report solid but said it is important to know the reason for the unemployment.
“There probably are differences in consequences of job loss when it’s voluntary or more or less expected,” Burgard said.
The analysis appeared in Monday’s Archives of Internal Medicine. An editorial in the journal said the study adds to decades of research linking job loss with health effects.
Theories include that the stress of losing a job may trigger a heart attack in people with clogged arteries or heart disease; and that unemployed lose health insurance and access to medical care that can help keep them healthy, Burgard said.
The analysis covers 1992-2010. Participants were mostly in their 50s at the study’s beginning and were asked about their job history, and about employment status and recent heart attacks at subsequent interviews. People who’d had heart attacks before the study began were excluded.
Nearly 70 percent had at least one job loss, or period of unemployment after working at a job, and at least 10 percent had four or more before and/or during the study period.
There were 1,061 heart attacks during the study. Those with at least one job loss were 22 percent more likely to have a heart attack than those who never lost a job. Those with at least four job losses had a 60 percent higher risk than those with none. Men and women faced equal risks.
Even though the odds linked with job loss weren’t huge, many participants already faced increased other risks for a heart attack because of obesity, high blood pressure or lack of exercise.
“Any significant additional risk is important,” Dupre said.
